Can I pray (make salah) in English instead of Arabic?
Answered with evidence from the Quran and authentic Hadith
Quick Answer
The obligatory parts of salah (Al-Fatihah, takbir, tashahhud) must be recited in Arabic. However, personal dua (supplication) can be made in any language. New Muslims who have not yet memorized Arabic recitations may recite what they can while learning.
Detailed Answer
The formal prayer (salah) has specific recitations that are performed in Arabic — this includes Surah Al-Fatihah, the takbir (Allahu Akbar), and the tashahhud. These are part of the ritual format that the Prophet (peace be upon him) taught and said "Pray as you have seen me praying."
However, personal supplication (dua) — especially in sujud (prostration) or after the tashahhud — can be made in any language. Allah understands all languages, and sincere dua is accepted regardless of the language.
For new Muslims or those still learning, scholars agree that you should recite what you can in Arabic and learn gradually. The effort to learn is itself rewarded. Many people memorize Al-Fatihah within a few days using transliteration.
Evidence from Quran & Hadith
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "Pray as you have seen me praying."
ادْعُوا رَبَّكُمْ تَضَرُّعًا وَخُفْيَةً
Ud'oo Rabbakum tadarru'an wa khufyah.
“Call upon your Lord humbly and privately.”
Key Points
- ✦The formal prayer (salah) has specific recitations that are performed in Arabic — this includes Surah Al-Fatihah, the takbir (Allahu Akbar), and the tashahhud.
- ✦However, personal supplication (dua) — especially in sujud (prostration) or after the tashahhud — can be made in any language.
- ✦For new Muslims or those still learning, scholars agree that you should recite what you can in Arabic and learn gradually.
Related Questions
How do I pray Fajr (dawn prayer)?
Fajr prayer consists of 2 rakats (units) performed after dawn and before sunrise. It begins with the opening takbir (Allahu Akbar), recitation of Al-Fatihah and a short surah in each rakat, followed by ruku (bowing) and sujud (prostration).
How many rakats are in each prayer?
The five daily prayers are: Fajr (2 rakats), Dhuhr (4 rakats), Asr (4 rakats), Maghrib (3 rakats), and Isha (4 rakats). This totals 17 obligatory rakats per day.
What breaks your wudu (ablution)?
Wudu is broken by: passing gas or using the bathroom, deep sleep, loss of consciousness, touching private parts directly, and bleeding (according to some scholars). Eating, touching a spouse, or minor naps do not break wudu.
Can you shorten or combine prayers while traveling?
Yes. While traveling, you may shorten 4-rakat prayers (Dhuhr, Asr, Isha) to 2 rakats. You may also combine Dhuhr with Asr, and Maghrib with Isha. Fajr stays at 2 rakats and Maghrib at 3.
Explore Other Topics
Continue Learning
Note: This answer is based on the Quran and authentic Hadith for general guidance. For detailed rulings on your specific situation, please consult a qualified Islamic scholar. May Allah guide us all to the truth.